Strategic Guide to Company Formation: Limited Liability Company (LTD) or Joint Stock Company (JSC)? Comprehensive Comparison One of the most fundamental and strategic decisions to be made when starting a business venture is what the legal structure of the business will be. The Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) provides entrepreneurs with various types of companies for...
Commercial LawConsumer LawInformation Technology LawE-Commerce Law: Distance Sales Contracts and Consumer Rights
E-Commerce Law Comprehensive Guide: Distance Contracts, Right of Withdrawal and Seller’s Obligations E-commerce has become one of the locomotives of today’s economy. However, this rapid growth has brought with it a series of legal regulations and responsibilities for both consumers and sellers. In Turkey, e-commerce activities are mainly regulated by the Law No. 6502 on...
Commercial LawCompliance LawCriminal LawAnti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption: What Steps Should Companies Take?
Anti-Bribery & Corruption: A Comprehensive Compliance Guide for Companies Bribery and corruption not only undermine public order and confidence in justice, but they also dynamise the foundations of a free market economy. It leads to unfair competition, increases costs, reduces efficiency and, most importantly, can destroy a company’s reputation and brand value overnight. The Turkish...
AML/KYC Compliance Guide: MASAK Obligations and Suspicious Transaction Reporting Laundering of proceeds of crime (money laundering) is the introduction of proceeds from illegal activities (drug trafficking, corruption, organised crimes, etc.) into the economic system by pretending that they are obtained from a legal source through a series of complex transactions. Terrorist financing is the provision...
Commercial LawCompliance LawCompetition Law Compliance Programme: How to Protect Your Company from High Fines?
Competition Law Compliance Programme: Golden Rules to Avoid Millions of Liras in Fines and Reputational Damage Competition law is a branch of law that aims to ensure that all players in the markets compete under fair rules and provides highly deterrent sanctions against those who violate these rules. In Turkey, the Competition Authority, which operates...
Guide to Establishing a Corporate Compliance Programme: 7 Steps to Manage Risks and Create Value An effective corporate compliance programme is not created by copying ready-made templates, but by building a living system in line with the company’s own DNA, risk profile and culture. This process requires a shift from a reactive “problem solving” approach...
What is Compliance? Why is it a Strategic Imperative in Modern Company Management? “Compliance”, which is frequently heard in the modern business world, has become the cornerstone of a company’s sustainable existence beyond a simple legal obligation. Compliance, in its most general definition, is a set of dynamic processes that ensure that a company carries...
The incorporation of a company is a process consisting of many stages. This process may vary according to regional and sectoral regulations, but in general, there are some steps to be followed for company incorporation. The first step is to research the legal regulations in the country or region where the company will be established....
Mediation is a method of resolving a dispute between two or more parties, mediated by a voluntary third party. This method can help parties resolve their dispute in a faster, cheaper and less stressful way before resorting to court proceedings. The mediation method uses a variety of techniques and methods to help the parties reach...
Whether it is a commercial company or an ordinary company, how and by whom decisions will be taken in a shareholder structure is an important problem. This is because the shareholders may have equal shares and the right to speak, or they may be multi-partners as in joint stock companies. In both cases, it is...
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